/* Page styles for article. Every selector is scoped with :where(.pg-article) (class set on <body>): isolated to this page, zero added specificity. */
:where(.pg-article) #rp{position:fixed;left:0;top:0;height:3px;width:100%;background:var(--red);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;z-index:80}
:where(.pg-article) .crumb{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--mute);padding-top:34px}
:where(.pg-article) .crumb a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .crumb svg{opacity:.6}
:where(.pg-article) .ah{padding:18px 0 0}
:where(.pg-article) .ah .tagrow{display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:center;margin:14px 0 22px}
:where(.pg-article) .ah .tag{box-shadow:none;border:1.5px solid var(--line)}
:where(.pg-article) .ah h1{font-size:clamp(34px,4.4vw,62px);max-width:17em;line-height:1.06}
:where(.pg-article) .ah .lead{margin-top:22px;max-width:36em}
:where(.pg-article) .byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;margin:30px 0 0;padding:18px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink2)}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .by{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .av2{width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--mist);display:grid;place-items:center}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .meta{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;margin-left:6px;color:var(--mute);font-weight:600}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .meta .dot{width:3px;height:3px;border-radius:50%;background:currentColor}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .share{margin-left:auto;display:flex;gap:8px}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .share button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;height:38px;padding:0 14px;border-radius:11px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);font-weight:700;font-size:13.5px;transition:all .2s}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .share button:hover{border-color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .ahero{position:relative;margin:32px 0 0;border-radius:32px;overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:21/9;background:var(--mist);box-shadow:var(--sh)}
:where(.pg-article) .ahero img{position:absolute;left:0;top:-16%;width:100%;height:132%;object-fit:cover}
.still :where(.pg-article) .ahero img{transform:none!important}
:where(.pg-article) .abody{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,700px);justify-content:center;gap:84px;padding:64px 0 40px;align-items:start}
:where(.pg-article) .toc{position:sticky;top:112px}
:where(.pg-article) .toc h4{font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mute);margin-bottom:14px}
:where(.pg-article) .toc ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;border-left:2px solid var(--line2)}
:where(.pg-article) .toc a{display:block;padding:8px 0 8px 16px;margin-left:-2px;border-left:2px solid transparent;font-size:14.5px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.35;color:var(--mute);transition:all .2s}
:where(.pg-article) .toc a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .toc a.on{color:var(--ink);border-left-color:var(--red)}
:where(.pg-article) .toc .left{margin-top:22px;font-size:13px;color:var(--mute);font-weight:600}
:where(.pg-article) .short{margin:0 0 44px;padding:26px 28px;border-radius:22px;background:var(--mist);position:relative}
:where(.pg-article) .short .k{font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--azure-d);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;margin-bottom:10px}
:where(.pg-article) .short .k i{width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--red)}
:where(.pg-article) .short p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;margin:0}
:where(.pg-article) .prose{font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.78;color:#27405A;text-wrap:pretty}
:where(.pg-article) .prose p{margin:0 0 1.25em}
:where(.pg-article) .prose h2{font-size:clamp(28px,2.7vw,36px);font-weight:300;letter-spacing:-.028em;line-height:1.14;color:var(--ink);margin:2.1em 0 .6em;scroll-margin-top:100px;padding-top:.5em;border-top:1px solid var(--line2)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose h2:first-child{margin-top:0;border-top:0;padding-top:0}
:where(.pg-article) .prose h3{font-size:22px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--ink);margin:1.8em 0 .5em;line-height:1.25}
:where(.pg-article) .prose strong{font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose a{color:var(--azure-d);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(28,95,208,.35);text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;text-underline-offset:3px;transition:text-decoration-color .2s}
:where(.pg-article) .prose a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--azure-d)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 1.4em}
:where(.pg-article) .prose li{position:relative;padding-left:28px;margin:.5em 0}
:where(.pg-article) .prose li::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:3px;top:.68em;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;border:2.2px solid var(--red)}
:where(.pg-article) .callout{margin:2.2em 0;padding:26px 28px;border-radius:22px;background:var(--mist);position:relative;color:var(--ink2)}
:where(.pg-article) .callout .k{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--azure-d);margin-bottom:10px}
:where(.pg-article) .callout .k span{width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;display:grid;place-items:center;box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(13,33,55,.1)}
:where(.pg-article) .callout p{margin:0;font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .callout.math{background:var(--sand)}
:where(.pg-article) .callout.math .k{color:#8A5A00}
:where(.pg-article) .callout.final{background:#E5F6EC}
:where(.pg-article) .callout.final .k{color:#0B7A43}
:where(.pg-article) .explore{margin:2.4em 0;padding:30px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:26px;background:#fff;box-shadow:var(--sh)}
:where(.pg-article) .explore .eh{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;align-items:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap}
:where(.pg-article) .explore .eh h4{font-size:21px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .explore .eh p{font-size:14px;color:var(--mute);margin:4px 0 0;line-height:1.4}
:where(.pg-article) .mon{display:flex;align-items:center;height:44px;border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:0 12px;gap:4px;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .mon input{width:64px;border:0;outline:0;font:700 17px/1 'Manrope',system-ui,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:none;padding:0;-moz-appearance:textfield}
:where(.pg-article) .mon input::-webkit-inner-spin-button{opacity:.4}
:where(.pg-article) .mon:focus-within{border-color:var(--azure);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(47,125,246,.14)}
:where(.pg-article) .mon small{font-weight:600;color:var(--mute);font-size:12.5px}
:where(.pg-article) .explore .bd{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 210px;gap:28px;margin-top:22px;align-items:end}
:where(.pg-article) .xbars{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(9,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px;align-items:end;height:170px}
:where(.pg-article) .xb{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;height:100%;gap:8px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(--mute)}
:where(.pg-article) .xb i{display:block;width:100%;border-radius:10px 10px 4px 4px;background:#D9E6F6;transition:height .5s var(--ease),background .25s;min-height:6px}
:where(.pg-article) .xb:hover i{background:var(--sky)}
:where(.pg-article) .xb.on i{background:var(--red)}
:where(.pg-article) .xb.on{color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .xb small{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mute);margin-top:-6px;height:12px}
:where(.pg-article) .xo .k{font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--mute)}
:where(.pg-article) .xo .v{font-size:44px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.04em;line-height:1.05;color:var(--ink);margin:2px 0}
:where(.pg-article) .xo .v small{font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:var(--mute);letter-spacing:0;margin-left:4px}
:where(.pg-article) .xo .d{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.45}
:where(.pg-article) .xo .d b{font-weight:800}
:where(.pg-article) .explore .lv{margin-top:20px}
:where(.pg-article) .you{margin:56px 0 0;padding:34px;border-radius:28px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden}
:where(.pg-article) .you .rings{position:absolute;right:-120px;top:-120px;width:420px;height:420px;color:#fff;opacity:.12}
:where(.pg-article) .you .k{font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--sky)}
:where(.pg-article) .you h3{font-size:30px;margin:10px 0 8px;font-weight:300;color:#fff}
:where(.pg-article) .you h3 b{font-weight:800}
:where(.pg-article) .you p{color:#B7C6D6;font-size:16px;max-width:34em;margin:0;line-height:1.6}
:where(.pg-article) .ybars{display:block;margin:30px 0 6px;position:relative}
:where(.pg-article) .yb{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;gap:6px;height:100%;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:#9FB3C8}
:where(.pg-article) .yb b{font-size:13.5px;color:#fff}
:where(.pg-article) .yb i{display:block;width:100%;border-radius:9px 9px 3px 3px;background:#2B4E73;min-height:4px;transition:height 1s var(--ease)}
:where(.pg-article) .yb.best i{background:var(--red)}
:where(.pg-article) .yb.best b{color:#fff}
:where(.pg-article) .you .foot2{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:22px}
:where(.pg-article) .you .fine{font-size:12.5px;color:#7F95AB}
:where(.pg-article) .endcard{display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:center;margin:48px 0 0;padding:22px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink2);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5}
:where(.pg-article) .endcard .av2{width:48px;height:48px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--mist);display:grid;place-items:center;flex:none}
:where(.pg-article) .endcard b{color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .rel{padding:70px 0 40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line2)}
:where(.pg-article) .rel .sech{padding-top:0}
:where(.pg-article) .rel .agrid{padding-bottom:0}
@media(max-width:1080px){
  :where(.pg-article) .abody{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,700px);gap:0}
  :where(.pg-article) .toc{display:none}
}
@media(max-width:720px){
  :where(.pg-article) .ahero{aspect-ratio:4/3;border-radius:22px}
  :where(.pg-article) .explore .bd{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  :where(.pg-article) .explore,:where(.pg-article) .explore .bd>*{min-width:0}
  :where(.pg-article) .byline{flex-wrap:wrap}
  :where(.pg-article) .byline .share{margin-left:0}
  :where(.pg-article) .prose{font-size:17.5px}
  :where(.pg-article) .explore,:where(.pg-article) .you{padding:22px}
}
:where(.pg-article) .acol{width:min(1014px,100%);margin:0 auto}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .lead{font-size:clamp(19px,1.8vw,22px);line-height:1.65;color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;max-width:none;margin-bottom:1.5em}
:where(.pg-article) .prose h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);margin:1.6em 0 .4em;letter-spacing:-.01em}
:where(.pg-article) .prose ol{counter-reset:o;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 1.5em}
:where(.pg-article) .prose ol>li{counter-increment:o;position:relative;padding-left:46px;margin:.9em 0}
:where(.pg-article) .prose ol>li::before{content:counter(o);left:0;top:.12em;width:28px;height:28px;border:0;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;display:grid;place-items:center}
:where(.pg-article) .prose blockquote{margin:1.9em 0;padding:22px 26px;border-radius:18px;background:var(--mist);border-left:4px solid var(--red);font-size:20px;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.012em;line-height:1.45}
:where(.pg-article) .tw{margin:2.1em 0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:20px;background:#fff;overflow-x:auto;box-shadow:var(--sh)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;line-height:1.4;min-width:560px}
:where(.pg-article) .prose caption{caption-side:top;text-align:left;padding:16px 20px 4px;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--mute);font-weight:500}
:where(.pg-article) .prose th{background:var(--mist);text-align:left;padding:13px 18px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink2);white-space:nowrap}
:where(.pg-article) .prose td{padding:14px 18px;border-top:1px solid var(--line2);color:var(--ink);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;vertical-align:top}
:where(.pg-article) .prose td:first-child{font-weight:700}
:where(.pg-article) .prose tbody tr:hover td{background:#FAFCFF}
:where(.pg-article) .callout.warn{background:#FDEEE9}
:where(.pg-article) .callout.warn .k{color:#B93A1F}
:where(.pg-article) .callout ul{margin:.6em 0 0}
:where(.pg-article) .callout li{font-size:17px;color:var(--ink);margin:.35em 0}
:where(.pg-article) .callout p+p{margin-top:.8em}
:where(.pg-article) .callout a{color:var(--azure-d);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
:where(.pg-article) .short ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;gap:14px;counter-reset:s}
:where(.pg-article) .short ol li{counter-increment:s;display:flex;gap:14px;font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink);font-weight:500}
:where(.pg-article) .short ol li::before{content:counter(s);flex:none;width:26px;height:26px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:800;display:grid;place-items:center;margin-top:2px}
:where(.pg-article) .vid{position:relative;margin:0 0 44px;border-radius:24px;overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:16/9;background:var(--ink);box-shadow:var(--sh)}
:where(.pg-article) .vid button,:where(.pg-article) .vid iframe{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}
:where(.pg-article) .vid img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;opacity:.82;transition:transform .8s var(--ease),opacity .3s}
:where(.pg-article) .vid button:hover img{transform:scale(1.03);opacity:.95}
:where(.pg-article) .vid .pl{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;width:78px;height:78px;margin:-39px 0 0 -39px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--red);display:grid;place-items:center;box-shadow:0 14px 34px -8px rgba(240,80,42,.7);transition:transform .3s var(--ease)}
:where(.pg-article) .vid button:hover .pl{transform:scale(1.08)}
:where(.pg-article) .vid .cap{position:absolute;left:20px;bottom:18px;right:20px;color:#fff;text-align:left;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;text-shadow:0 1px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}
:where(.pg-article) .vid .cap small{display:block;font-weight:600;opacity:.85;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:3px}
:where(.pg-article) .you .btns{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}
:where(.pg-article) .you .btn.ghost{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.28);color:#fff;background:transparent}
:where(.pg-article) .you .btn.ghost:hover{border-color:#fff}
@media(max-width:720px){
  :where(.pg-article) .prose blockquote{font-size:18px}
  :where(.pg-article) .vid .pl{width:62px;height:62px;margin:-31px 0 0 -31px}
}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .by,:where(.pg-article) .byline .meta{line-height:1.4}
:where(.pg-article) .byline .by,:where(.pg-article) .byline .meta,:where(.pg-article) .byline .share{align-self:center}

/* ---- the article text as written: highlight boxes, Bootstrap-era table classes and icon-font icons, styled without Bootstrap ---- */
:where(.pg-article) .prose .article-content{display:block}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box{margin:2.2em 0;padding:24px 28px;border-radius:22px;background:var(--mist);color:var(--ink2)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box h4{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--azure-d)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box p{margin:0;font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--ink)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box p+p{margin-top:.8em}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box ul{margin:.6em 0 0}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box:has(.bi-check-circle){background:#E5F6EC}:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box:has(.bi-check-circle) h4{color:#0B7A43}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box:has(.bi-exclamation-triangle){background:#FDEEE9}:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box:has(.bi-exclamation-triangle) h4{color:#B93A1F}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box:has(.bi-info-circle){background:var(--sand)}:where(.pg-article) .prose .highlight-box:has(.bi-info-circle) h4{color:#8A5A00}
:where(.pg-article) .prose i.bi{display:inline-grid;flex:none;width:32px;height:32px;margin:0 !important;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(13,33,55,.1)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose i.bi::before{content:"";grid-area:1/1;width:18px;height:18px;place-self:center;background:currentColor;-webkit-mask:var(--ic) center/contain no-repeat;mask:var(--ic) center/contain no-repeat}
:where(.pg-article) .prose i.bi-lightbulb{--ic:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22 fill=%22none%22 stroke=%22%23000%22 stroke-width=%221.8%22 stroke-linecap=%22round%22 stroke-linejoin=%22round%22%3E%3Cpath d=%22m12 3 1.9 5.1L19 10l-5.1 1.9L12 17l-1.9-5.1L5 10l5.1-1.9z%22/%3E%3Cpath d=%22M19 17v4M17 19h4%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}
:where(.pg-article) .prose i.bi-info-circle{--ic:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22 fill=%22none%22 stroke=%22%23000%22 stroke-width=%221.8%22 stroke-linecap=%22round%22 stroke-linejoin=%22round%22%3E%3Ccircle cx=%2212%22 cy=%2212%22 r=%2210%22/%3E%3Cpath d=%22M12 16v-4M12 8h.01%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}
:where(.pg-article) .prose i.bi-check-circle{--ic:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22 fill=%22none%22 stroke=%22%23000%22 stroke-width=%221.8%22 stroke-linecap=%22round%22 stroke-linejoin=%22round%22%3E%3Cpath d=%22M20 6 9 17l-5-5%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}
:where(.pg-article) .prose i.bi-exclamation-triangle{--ic:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22 fill=%22none%22 stroke=%22%23000%22 stroke-width=%221.8%22 stroke-linecap=%22round%22 stroke-linejoin=%22round%22%3E%3Cpath d=%22m10.3 3.9-8.5 14.7A2 2 0 0 0 3.5 21h17a2 2 0 0 0 1.7-2.4L13.7 3.9a2 2 0 0 0-3.4 0z%22/%3E%3Cpath d=%22M12 9v4M12 17h.01%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}
:where(.pg-article) .prose i.bi-graph-down{--ic:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22 fill=%22none%22 stroke=%22%23000%22 stroke-width=%221.8%22 stroke-linecap=%22round%22 stroke-linejoin=%22round%22%3E%3Cpath d=%22M22 7 13.5 15.5 8.5 10.5 2 17%22/%3E%3Cpath d=%22M16 7h6v6%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}

:where(.pg-article) .prose table{display:block;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin:1.8em 0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:18px}
:where(.pg-article) .prose table.table-dark thead th{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}
:where(.pg-article) .prose table.table-striped tbody tr:nth-child(even) td{background:#F8FAFC}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .article-footer{margin-top:2.4em;padding-top:1.2em;border-top:1px solid var(--line2);font-size:15px;color:var(--mute)}
:where(.pg-article) .prose .article-footer p{margin:0}